What does the `this` keyword refer to in a regular function?

In regular functions, the this keyword has a dynamic context that refers specifically to the object that invoked the function. This is known as the "calling context." When a function is called, the context in which it is executed determines the value of this.

If the function is called as a method of an object, this refers to that object. For example, if you have an object with a method and you call that method, this inside the function will point to that object. This behavior allows functions to access and manipulate the properties of the object that invoked them.

The concept differs when considering how this operates within arrow functions. Arrow functions do not have their own this context; instead, they inherit it from the surrounding (lexical) context. However, in the case of regular functions, understanding that this refers to the object invoking the function is crucial. In some contexts, particularly when using event listeners or when functions are passed as callbacks, this may not refer to the object you expect unless you bind it correctly.

The other interpretations provided by the choices may lead to misunderstandings about this in JavaScript. Though in some cases, this can reference the global